Gender roles and power dynamics in marriage: a sociological observation in Uzbekistan

Abstract

This article examines gender roles and power dynamics within marriage in Uzbekistan, focusing on sociological and psychological perspectives and recent trends (2020-2024). Uzbekistan has a traditionally patriarchal family structure influenced by both cultural norms and post-Soviet social changes. Purpose: The study aims to analyze how marital power relations are shaped by gender roles, how these dynamics have evolved in recent years, and what theoretical frameworks explain these patterns. Methods: A literature-based analysis was conducted, drawing on sociological studies, psychological research, and reports on gender in Uzbekistan. Findings: Traditional Uzbek marriages often feature male-dominated decision-making and a clear division of labor, reinforced by cultural norms and extended family structures. However, recent reforms and shifting attitudes (especially among younger, urban couples) show emergent egalitarian tendencies. Legislation between 2020 and 2024-such as strengthened domestic violence laws and a national gender strategy-reflects progress in women’s rights. Still, surveys reveal that a large majority of the population adheres to stereotypes assigning men primary authority and women domestic responsibility. Conclusions: Marital power dynamics in Uzbekistan are in transition: while historic patriarchy persists, socio-economic developments and legal reforms are enabling gradual shifts toward equality. Implications: Understanding these dynamics through theories of resource power, patriarchy, and social role expectations is crucial for policymakers and educators aiming to foster gender equity in family life.