Allergic Reactions In Pharmacotherapy In Children

Abstract

Allergic reactions in children during pharmacotherapy represent one of the most complex and pressing issues in modern pediatrics. The high sensitivity of children's bodies, immature enzymatic systems, genetic predisposition, and the rise of polypharmacy lead to an increasing incidence of drug allergies. In recent decades, there has been a steady increase in hypersensitivity to antibiotics, antipyretic drugs, vaccine components, and local anesthetics, necessitating comprehensive clinical monitoring, early diagnosis, and the development of individualized treatment approaches. This article analyzes the key mechanisms of allergic reactions, their clinical forms, risk factors, and diagnostic features in children of different ages. Special attention is given to the problems of differential diagnosis, difficulties in verifying true allergies, errors in clinical practice, and modern prevention strategies. The possibilities of using pharmacogenetics and immunological testing, as well as modern algorithms for managing patients with increased allergic risk, are discussed. Based on an analysis of scientific sources and clinical data, the importance of an interdisciplinary approach, including pediatricians, allergists, pharmacologists, and immunologists, is emphasized. This approach minimizes the risk of complications, increases the safety of therapy, and improves children's quality of life.