Integrated Economic, Environmental, and Technological Perspectives on Sustainable Aquaculture and Water Treatment Systems: Implications for Global Food Security and Aquatic Resource Management

Abstract

Aquaculture has emerged as one of the fastest-growing food production sectors globally, playing a critical role in meeting rising protein demand amid stagnating capture fisheries. However, the rapid expansion of aquaculture systems has generated complex economic, environmental, and technological challenges that threaten long-term sustainability. This research article develops an integrated analytical framework that connects global fish supply–demand dynamics, aquaculture productivity, environmental externalities, and water treatment technologies, with particular emphasis on natural coagulants and aquatic monitoring systems. Drawing strictly from authoritative international reports and peer-reviewed studies, the article synthesizes economic projections of fish demand up to 2030, examines structural productivity differences among aquaculture producers, and explores how wastewater treatment innovations can mitigate ecological degradation. Extensive theoretical elaboration is used to analyze how effluent management, water quality monitoring, and natural coagulation technologies intersect with economic efficiency, human nutrition outcomes, and ecosystem health. The findings suggest that sustainability in aquaculture cannot be achieved through isolated technological fixes or market mechanisms alone, but rather through systemic integration of environmental monitoring, low-impact treatment technologies, and informed policy frameworks aligned with global food security goals. By bridging economic analysis with environmental engineering and aquatic science, this study contributes a comprehensive, multidisciplinary perspective on the future of aquaculture under intensifying global pressures.