Acid Activation of Local Bentonites: Kinetics, Structural Modifications, And Enhanced Coagulation Performance for Water Treatment
Keywords:
Bentonite, acid activation, coagulationAbstract
The increasing demand for clean water and the environmental concerns associated with conventional coagulants have necessitated the search for sustainable, cost-effective alternatives. This study comprehensively investigates the acid activation of bentonite clays from the Shargun deposit (Uzbekistan) and evaluates their application as coagulants and adsorbents in water treatment. The research combines kinetic analysis of acid decomposition, detailed characterization of structural modifications, and performance evaluation in coagulation and adsorption processes.
Natural bentonite samples were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) under varying conditions of temperature (30–95°C), acid concentration (5–30%), and treatment duration (15–180 min). The physicochemical transformations were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), and chemical analysis methods. Kinetic studies focused on the extraction rates of Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃, with apparent activation energies calculated using Arrhenius equations.
References
Bratby, J. (2016). Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment (3rd ed.). IWA Publishing.
Letterman, R.D., Amirtharajah, A., & O'Melia, C.R. (1999). Coagulation and flocculation. In Water Quality and Treatment (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Duan, J., & Gregory, J. (2003). Coagulation by hydrolysing metal salts. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 100–102, 475–502.
World Health Organization. (2017). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (4th ed.). WHO Press.
Renault, F., Sancey, B., Badot, P.M., & Crini, G. (2009). Chitosan for coagulation/flocculation processes – an eco-friendly approach. European Polymer Journal, 45(5), 1337–1348.
Murray, H.H. (2000). Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite: a general overview. Applied Clay Science, 17(5–6), 207–221.
Bergaya, F., Theng, B.K.G., & Lagaly, G. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of Clay Science. Elsevier.
Grim, R.E. (1968). Clay Mineralogy (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Komadel, P. (2016). Acid activated clays: Materials in continuous demand. Applied Clay Science, 131, 84–99.
Madejová, J. (2003). FTIR techniques in clay mineral studies. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 31(1), 1–10.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Donayev Husniddin Tursunmuratovich, Umbarova Anora Akmalovna, Mengboboyeva Ozodaxon Tog’aymurod qizi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
